छन्दस्-ఛందస్సు -Prosody- Lesson-2
Recognition of Guru and Laghu and Ganas,
वर्ण: संयोगपूर्वश्च तथा पादान्तगोsपि वा
1. सानुस्वार: 1. Letter which has anusvaara ( Ex ,अं –
इं- उं रामं –कविं गुरुं पंडित: पं is guru)
2. दीर्घ: --
The letter which is lengthy आ ई ऊ ऋ ए ऐ ओऔ - का etc,
3. विसर्गी:-- which has visarga (:) as succeeding letter. In the
word गत: त: is guru
4. वर्ण: संयोगपूर्व:
The preceding letter of the saMyoga duplication of different
consonants चक्र or dvitva छिन्न duplication
of different consonants. There च becomes Guru as it is
succeeded by क्र and in the word छिन्न
छि becomes
Guru as it is succeeded by न्न.
5. पादान्तग: वा :- In
exceptional cases the last letter of each line is to be notified as guru if it
is required. (This rule is normally applicable in Sanskrit Verses as majority
of vrittas have Guru at the end and majority of words end with short letters.
II. सानुस्वारो विसर्गान्तो दीर्घो युक्तपरश्च य:|
वा पदान्ते त्वसौ वक्रो ज्ञेयो sन्योमात्रिको लघु : ||
सानुस्वार:=సున్నాతో కూడినది; विसर्गान्त విసర్గ చివరకలది ; दीर्घ: -దీర్ఘమైన అక్షరం
युक्तपर: సంయుక్తాక్షరానికి ముందు వర్ణం;
पदान्ते= పాదం చివరనకలది वक्र: =ఏ,ఓ లు
ज्ञेय=తెలుసుకొన వలెను sन्योमात्रिको लघु : = మిగిలినవి లఘువులు ||
III. दीर्घ: संयुक्ताद्य: पुर्णानुस्वार पुर्ववर्णश्च
एते गुरव: शेषास्सर्वे लघ्वक्षरा: इति ज्ञेया: ||
दीर्घ: = lengthy vowel; संयुक्ताद्य: = letter succeeded by saMyukta (duplication of different consonants vowels)
or dvitva (duplication of same consonants
पुर्णानुस्वारपुर्ववर्ण: = letter which has Anusvaara ;एते=
these are ; गुरव: =gurus
शेषास्सर्वे = rest of the letters are ; लघ्वक्षरा: Laghus
; इति=Thus ; ज्ञेया: = to be known .
Easy way to recognize Ganas :
•
If you remember three + three
letters Ganas are very easy to recognize. They are भ – ज -- स & य- र- त.
भ –UII (guru in
the I place)
ज—IUI (Guru IN II place)
स – IIU(Guru in III Place)
य- I UU (Laghu in
the I place)
र- UIU(
in the ii place)
त- UUI (in III place)
म – UUU (Three gurus)
न- III (Three
laghus)
ल- I
ग- U
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