CONVERSATIONAL
SANSKRIT-15
Dr.
Durga Prasada Rao Chilakamarthi
9897959425
Lesson—15
Unit-1 अभवत्
अभवत् = became/was . past tense of be. Past participle of become.
1. बालक: युवक: अभवत् || Boy became a young
man.
2. बालपादप: वृक्ष: अभवत् || Plant has become a tree
3. स: मुख्यमन्त्री अभवत् अत:
राजधान्यां निवसति ||
He became chief minister
therefore he is living in the capital.
4. स: पूर्वं अध्यापक: इदानीम्
आचार्य: अभवत् ||
Previously he was a lecturer,
and he became professor now.
5. पूर्वं सिद्धार्थ: अनन्तरं
बुद्ध: अभवत् ||
Previously he was
Siddhartha and he became Buddha afterwards .
Unit-2
क्त्वा (त्वा) is used to denote incomplete action
In क्त्वा - त्वा alone remains. When two or more than two actions are
performed or described in one sentence, the actions formerly taken place get
this त्वा (tva) affix.
गोपाल:
पुस्तकं पठति| गोपाल: क्षीरं पिबति | गोपाल: परीक्षां लिखति ||
We
can combine these three activities in one sentence by using त्वा affix
in the following way.
गोपाल:
पुस्तकं पठित्वा , क्षीरं पीत्वा परीक्षां लिखति ||
1.
पठति - पठित्वा (having read/ after reading)
बालक:
पुस्तकं पठित्वा परीक्षां लिखति
Having read the book
(after reading the book) boy is writing examination.
2.लिखति - लिखित्वा (having written / after writing)
सीता
परीक्षां लिखित्वा चलनचित्रं पश्यति
Having
written (after writing) the examination, Sita is viewing movie.
3.
क्रीडति-- क्रीडित्वा (having played/ after playing)
गोपाल:
क्रीडां क्रीडित्वा विश्रान्तिं स्वीकरोति.
Having
played (after playing ) the game Gopal is taking rest.
4. पश्यति-दृष्ट्वा (having seen/ after seeing)
आञ्जनेय:
सीतां दृष्ट्वा रामस्य वृत्तान्तं निवेदितवान्
Having
seen (after seeing) Sita, Hanuman explained her about Rama.
5. वदति – उक्त्वा (having spoken / delivered)
अध्यापक:
उपन्यासम् उक्त्वा ग्रन्थालयं गतवान् .
Having
delivered his lecturer, teacher went to library.
6. गच्छति- गत्वा (having gone/after going)
भक्त:
देवालयं गत्वा पूजां करिष्यति
After
going to temple, the devotee, shall worship the God.
7. पिबति— पीत्वा ( having drunk/after drinking)
बालिका
क्षीरं पीत्वा पाठशालां गमिष्यति
8. पाययति (causative) - पाययित्वा (having fed/after feeding)
माता
शिशुं क्षीरं पाययित्वा पाकं करोति
Mother cooks food after
feeding milk to her child
9. पृच्छति – पृष्ट्वा (having asked)
अध्यापक:
प्रश्नं पृष्ट्वा समाधानं वदति
Having asked Question,
the teacher answers.
10. नयति – नीत्वा ( having taken)
बालक:
पुस्तकं नीत्वा ग्रन्थालयं गतवान्
Having
taken book the boy went to school.
11. आनयति – आनीय (having brought)
बालिका
नदीत: जलम् आनीय सर्वेभ्य: दास्यति
The
girl, having brought water from river,
shall give it to everyone.
12. मिलित्वा (having met)
आञ्जनेय:
रामं मिलित्वा सुग्रीवस्य संदेशं विशदयति
Having
approached Rama, Hanuman revealed the message of Sugeeva.
13. त्यक्त्वा= having left / having given up)
राम: अयोध्यां त्यक्त्वा वनं गतवान्
Having left Ayodhyaa, Rama went to
forest.
14. खादति- खादित्वा (having eaten)
बालक:
अन्नं खादित्वा पाठशालां गमिष्यति.
After eating food, the
boy will go to School.
15. करोति –- कृत्वा having done / having conducted
पिता
उद्योगं कृत्वा धनं संपादयति
Father is
earning money by doing job in the office.
Note: if the verbal root
has any prefix other than नञ् then instead of त्वा (ल्यप्) य takes place.
Examples:
1.पीत्वा
-निपीय
2.लिखित्वा
– विलिख्य
3.दृष्ट्वा
-संदृश्य
4. क्रीत्वा (having purchased) -विक्रीय (having sold)
16. उत्तिष्ठति –- उत्थाय
दशरथ:
आसनात् उत्थाय मुनिं नमस्करोति ||
Dasaratha have got up
from his throne prostrated to the saint.
उपविशति -– उपविश्य
राजा
आसने उपविश्य सदस्यानां वचनानि शृणोति
While sitting in throne,
the king is listening to the wors of the members of assembly.
A sentence with multiple
participles:
बालक:
पुस्तकं पठित्वा , परीक्षां लिखित्वा , क्रीडां क्रीडित्वा चलनचित्रं पश्यति
Compose sentences using
the following participles:
स्मरति – - स्मृत्वा having remembered
स्थापयति –- स्थापयित्वा having placed
प्रेषयति –- प्रेषयित्वा having sent
ददाति –- दत्वा having given
शृणोति- श्रुत्वा having heard
Unit-3 बन्धुवाचकशब्दा:
1. माता = mother रामस्य माता कौसल्या
2. पिता = father रामस्य पिता दशरथ:
3. मातामह: = mother’s father गणेशस्य मातामह: हिमालय:
4. मातामही = mother’s mother गणेशस्य मातामही मेनका
5. पितामह: = father’s father रामस्य पितामह: अज:
6. पितामही = father’s mother रामस्य पितामही इन्दुमती
7. मातुल: mother’s brother दुर्योधनस्य मातुल: शकुनि:
8.पितृव्य: = father’s brother दुर्योधनस्य पितृव्य:
पाण्डुराज:
9.
पति: = husband सीताया: पति: राम:
10.
पत्नी = wife शिवस्य पत्नी पार्वती
11.
पुत्र:
= son भीमस्य पुत्र: घटोत्कच:
12.
पुत्री=
daughter जनकस्य पुत्री सीता
13.
पौत्र:= grand son (son’s son) दशरथस्य पौत्र: लव:
14.
जामाता
= son-in-law जनकस्य जामाता राम:
15. स्नुषा= daughter-in-law पाण्डुराजस्य स्नुषा द्रौपदी
16.
अग्रज:= elder brother अग्रजा = elder sister
17.
अनुज:= younger brother अनुजा= younger sister
18.
पौत्री= grand daughter ( son’s daughter)
19. दौहित्र: = grand son (daughter’s son)
20. दौहित्री = grand daughter ( daughter’s daughter)
21. पितृष्वसा = father’s sister
22. मातुलेय:= mother’s brother’ son
23. मातृष्वसा = mother’s sister
24. स्याल: = wife’s brother
25.
ननंदा = husband’s sister
Unit-4
वर्णवाचकशब्दा:
1. श्वेत: =white कृष्ण:= black 2. हरित:= green 3. रक्त:= red
4. पीत: = yellow 5. नील:= blue
6.
धूसर: = dusk color/gray or gray- brown (khaaki) 7. पाटल:= rose color (gulaabi) 8. कपिश: = brown
Unit-
5 रुचिवाचकशब्दा:
1. मधुर: = sweet
चाकलेहस्य
रुचि: मधुर:= The taste chocolate is
sweet.
2. लवण: (lavaNaha) = salt
समुद्रजलस्य
रुचि: लवण: = The taste of sea water
is salt
3. कषाय:= astringent
आमलकस्य
रुचि: कषाय: The taste of
Indian gooseberry is astringent
4. आम्ल:= acid taste, sour
तिन्त्रिणी
फलस्य रुचि: आम्ल: The taste
of tamarind is sour.
5. तिक्त:= bitter
कारवेल्लस्य
रुचि: तिक्त: The taste of bitter guard is bitter
6. कटु:= a pungent taste.
मरीचिकाया: रुचि: कटु: The
taste of pepper / chilly is pungent
SANSKRIT SLOKA-15
गुणेषु
यत्न: क्रियतां
किमाटोपै:
प्रयोजनम् ?
विक्रीयन्ते
न घण्टाभि:
गाव:
क्षीरविवर्जिता: (महाभारतम्)
Try to improve your qualities and abilities. What is the
use of mere show? There is absolutely no use of mere outward appearance.
Cattle, which do not yield milk, cannot be sold by simply exhibiting the bells
that are tied to their neck.
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