Sunday, May 24, 2020

Stray Thoughts of Dr. Y. V. Rao- 16


Stray Thoughts of Dr. Y. V. Rao- 16.

                                                            Dr. Yerneni Venkateswara Rao
M.Sc., Ph. D
Retired Principal
Akkineni Nageswara Rao College
                                                                                                                GUDIVADA- A.P                                                                                          yernenivrao@gmail.com

B3-16
Many a time , it’s a mere gesture, a genuine gesture like a genial smile, an affectionate hug, a warm handshake , a spontaneous compliment , a sympathetic look, a caring action , an understanding nod, a helping hand , a concerned voice, a compassionate attitude, an encouraging pat, a soothing word, a listening ear  or a patient hearing , a shared joy or a reassuring presence rather than an expensive gift or an ostentatious show of affection that strikes the right chords in one’s heart and nourishes and nurtures an enduring bond of love and loyalty.

  Such gestures besides building human bonding that invigorate both the participants in this ennobling exercise much better than anything else. This is an incredibly inexpensive way of spreading bonhomie and goodwill in the society. A little kindness and love is all that is needed, no grand schemes nor huge funds. What is more , each such touching act, albeit apparently minor or insignificant, besides bringing cheer to a hapless soul is an easy spiritual staple for one who acts leading to enormously fruitful consequences. How much/ What a simple touching gesture can accomplish is truly amazing!

  That is why , Prophet Mohammad warned : “Do not belittle even the smallest act of kindness , even if it is no more than meeting your neighbour with a smiling and cheerful face. We should not consider any charity small or not worth doing.
B3-17
  A restless soul with a phrase mongering mind and a pen-wielding hand or a verbophilic tongue and an eloquent mouth can do wonders , if it is not also ruthless , venal and unscrupulous ; if it is, it can wreak havoc by unleashing its lashing tongue and uncorking its word-spitting trap or unshackling its ink- slinging and pen-pushing hand.
B3-18
Charity, though held in Indian tradition as a supreme virtue, is great upto a point but beyond that, even if extended out of love or altruism, runs the risk of breeding the culture of laziness by encouraging dependence and smothering man’s initiative to get up and get going. If, in addition, it is timely, spontaneous, judicious and undemonstrative, better still, anonymous, it will be that much more effective in restoring his dignity as a human being.  That charity is the best which enable ones to get back on one’s feet and get on with life without ever falling into the rut of dependency or over reliance on others. More importantly, making someone dependent on us is nothing but depriving him of his freedom and self esteem; in short, it is robbing him of his individuality which is the greatest sin.
  What is true of individuals is true too of groups, institutions and enterprises. A case in point is the abject dependence of Indian industry on the regime of the many protective laws and regulations in force all these years. Over protection and over regulation lead to the same deleterious consequences as those of excessive charity to individuals, groups and organizing entities.
  Is it any wonder then that in the slowly emerging ambiance of progressive dismantling of the policies of protection and loosening up of controls and regulations, protecting as well as binding our industry till recently, how long the uncaged tiger takes to leap out of its lazy lair to face up to the fierce challenges of the highly competitive international markets is still a moot question. Some pessimists even wonder whether it ever will, abandoning its long accustomed safety of and dependence on the erstwhile regulatory regime, embrace the new found opportunity to be independent and self-reliant. It would be amazing if it does any time soon and disastrous if it doesn’t.
  Be that as it may, charity shall cover the multitude of sins; and so much more effectively , if offered judiciously.
 B3-19
Innocence, spontaneity and inquisitiveness are the three obvious gifts each of us is born with. But, other gifts equally valuable if not more are sensitivity and freedom which are often overlooked. These , together with a feeling heart and a thinking mind in a functioning body, constitute what we might call our rudimentary self. The heart and mind together constitute a fertile field/ground for the flowering of a variety of feelings and thoughts , both positive and negative as well as emotions and ideas both constructive and destructive, that shape our character and mould our personality. Each child thus comes into this world with its own set of inherent qualities and innate temperamental pattern which may be modified to some extent during the course of its interaction with parents, friends and teachers.
  During the course of training, to make us fit and purposeful members of the family and society into which we are born, these innate gifts and natural endowments will be evaluated by parents and teachers, some of them sought to be promoted, others suppressed to a greater or lesser extent depending on the prevailing value system and cultural mileu or ethos, and yet others added to supplement a few, complement a few others and supplant the rest altogether. In other words, the process of growth and socialization of the young involves ingestion of new values and novel modes of living and learning as well as acquisition of new survival strategies and emotional skills and techniques to cope with what they encounter within and outside their home environment to the extent the enormous potential of the tender mind and its imaginative and creative capabilities are understood and kept in mind by the parents and teachers, to that extent, their partnership in shaping children’s future will be effective and fruitful. This , unfortunately, rarely if ever, happens in actual practise. Most parents treat the child as ‘tabula rasa’  and proceed to impress on it all their unfinished agenda, unfulfilled aspirations and shattered dreams in their misplaced zeal to fashion it after their respective dream personalities. The pressure to perform in order to meet someone else’s targets is oppressive to anyone , and more so to a child as it robs it of the joy of learning. Hence, such parental imposition must be avoided at all costs.
   In our endeavour to acquire social graces and decencies, we imbibe many a refined emotion such as tolerance, kindness, love , courtesy, concern for others and altruism along with a dose of guileless hypocrisy and a dash of harmless dishonesty through our study of great minds of the past and the present and interaction with friends and elders. Thus, the attempt to fashion us into well adjusted members of our own families and society demands suppression of certain of our baser instincts and appetities together with the promotion of positive impulses at every stage. The sound moral and ethical instruction so important should be a “lamp unto our feet and light unto our path.”
  To be in a position to influence men and matter and to stand out and be counted among one’s peers is an instinctual need and to cater to this natural urge , a mixed bag of leadership qualities such as compassion, understanding, discreteness, sympathy, willingness to compromise and postponement of gratification to a future date on the one hand, and diplomacy , wariness, duplicity and a couple of Machiavillian tactics, on the other are instilled into or voluntarily imbibed by us.
  While this gives a glimpse of what happens during the early learning phase of our assimilation into society, more awaits us in the wings to complete the process before turning us out as finished products. As one goes along in life, one is bound to consciously or unconsciously pick up bits and pieces hither and thither and learn quite a lot from one’s observation of the world at large, the quality of learning being determined by one’s character and attitude of mind together with one’s sense of justice and morality already formed more or less completely.
  During the course of social interaction owing to the play of  ever changing pulls and pressures, preferences and prejudices, clashes and compromises inherent to it , we’ll be constrained occasionally to shed some of our beliefs, values , ideas and ideals and acquire others so that in time we move willy nilly in the direction of homogeneity and sameness. As a necessary precondition to and an inevitable concomitant of this ‘uniformization’, so to say our native gifts and natural endowments , and along with them their finest flowers must have weathered and continued to weather many squalls and gales and occasional storms and blizzards. If innocence is the mother of purity, honesty , love and tenderness and curiosity the source of knowledge, adventure and exploration, sensitivity is the seed from which sprout understanding, sympathy, compassion and concern for fellow beings and spontaneity our anchor in the present moment which prevents us from sliding back into the dead past or fleeing into the as yet unborn future while freedom is the basis for all these and much else in life. Some of these must have wilted, and others withered away and all shrivelled and shrunk to a greater or lesser degree. Just as a throttled fountain head fails to sustain a springing fountain of fresh water, so too anyone of these sources fails to deliver the virtues expected of it when it is impaired or snuffed out altogether.
  The assault of the parents and teachers on the young minds begun early on is thus buttressed and reinforced by further onslaughts in the form of indoctrination of societal, cultural and religious values and opinions that often distort and suppress our inborn humaneness bordering on Godliness as we grow along , winding up and down the labyrinthine lanes and bylanes life. That some of them are such dangerous falsehoods with disastrous consequences is evident from the pathetic state of our world as it staggers recklessly along the path of inevitable destruction. This intensification and reinforcement of the overlay of all the negative thoughts and emotions covering our beautiful inner nature takes place so insidiously that we hardly ever notice it.
  No wonder, at the end of such a stultifying experience , we will barely be able to retain our childhood innocence and innate humanity. We end up appearing to be what we are not and even forget who we really are. The world will be too much with us and with it, every passing fancy of the moment too. The next logical step will be abandonment of the old belief in the nobility of sacrifice and service, and espousal/embrace of  the new religion of praying at the shrine of greed, lust , desire, possessiveness, expediency and profit. Those that are so muddled up in their sense of right and wrong can hardly make a distinction between heroes and villains, and between their “more desirable” and “less desirable” desires and put them in their proper places for the sake of more worthwhile values and goals of life such as love, compassion , commitment to relationships and striving to usher in a just and equitable society—sharing and caring society which provides basic minimum to all.
  Thus, for instance, nowadays, many are lured by politics that being the done thing or the in thing to do. Some take the plunge and become full time politicians while others prefer to operate in other fields, the aim of either being, mostly if not wholly, subversion of the polity in the first case and institutions and individuals in the second through clever political manuevres and strategems to sub serve their selfish ends. For both, the rallying slogan seems to be to get rich quick and to get ahead in life by climbing over others including their peers on their way to the top and join the ranks of  the rich and the powerful. To attain these goals, one has to master a few tricks of the trade like gaining control over others through subtle manipulation of groups and individuals aimed at robbing their innocence , suppressing their spontaneity and curiosity and curtailing their freedom to think and initiative to act, and achieve in power by rousing pent up passions through false promises and/or clandestine operations , all the while projecting an image of oneself as a crusader of public/institutional good and commonweal. In the process, these worshippers of the mammon and merchants/retailers of dreams end up not only degrading themselves to ever lower levels but also spawning a whole new class of degenerate creatures in the shape of their survivors and apprentices as well as influence-peddlers, con men and charlatans.
  Though this type of characters appear to abound in the present day society, instances of contrary nature are wanting nor are they non-existent altogether. It is however true that they are few and far between and for that reason , escape popular perception in the normal course. That perhaps explains the all-pervading sense of distress and despair, and despondency and haplessness generated by the dwindling values and tumbling standards, and burgeoning wickedness and ballooning violence we come across everywhere these days.
  A seemingly innocuous phenomenon with far reaching ramifications that can befall any of us at some stage in our life is that certain modes of behaviour and patterns of thought came to acquire a vice-like grip on our life. This not only impedes our evolution as human individuals to our full stature but also shrivels our personality by inhibiting further growth and maturation. Once this happens to us, we begin thereafter to think and act more and more in accordance to those patterns and habits like trained animal or pre- programmed robots without ever taxing our brains, thereby bidding goodbye to our minds and hearts, and with no though for our innate gifts  if they have at all survived the battering and bruising , badgering and buffeting they have been subjected to throughout the course of this long and arduous process. For all practical purposes, we render ourselves callous , insensitive and inhuman by surrendering our independence to think and freedom to judge and autonomy to act. Indeed our very right to be human under the tyranny of the established modes of behaviour , thought patterns and beliefs.
  Again, exceptions to this type do indeed exist but they being what they are, add up to a small number thereby failing to make sufficient impact on public conscience. Their number may be limited but not insignificant. Age and the hand of time scarcely make any dent on their bubbling enthusiasm to grow up and grow wise and they ever remain young and agile in mind and spirit and hence are still young at heart. For them, every opportunity to learn and grow is an occasion for celebration, and every challenge an opportunity to be seized by the forelocks.

  Dismal though this picture is , it cannot certainly be the whole truth. Life is larger than any of its aspects however compelling its contours and character, domineering its demeanor and deportment and menacing /appalling its mien and manner be
  That is the great mystery of life. In spite of all the badgering and bruising and bludgeoning that they have been exposed to, the native gifts and the finer sensibilities are resilient enough to bounce back to their pristine glory whenever they are offered a little hospitality and boosting as such an input actually is fresh water in the dreary desert of meanness and mediocrity, hypocrisy and hype, vainness and vulgarity and cussedness and crudity. There are still souls with their innocence, spontaneity, inquisitiveness, sensitivity, freedom and all the other natural endowments left intact. They provide the refuge and sanctuary for all things that make life beautiful, sublime and worth living. And there are still others who can manage to regain a little of their lost innocence and a lot of their forgotten humanity with minimal effort and do the same thing. They gladdened many a heart by filling them with the sunshine of hope and faith. They certainly constitute a minuscule minority but they, particularly the former, are the brightest stars in an other wise dark firmament. And more fundamentally, they are on the side of life and Mother Nature.
   Life and nature are tolerant and indulgent to us to an extent but they know when enough is enough, ad when they act , they act decisively to set things in order by restoring the much needed balance .

Saturday, May 16, 2020

MODERN SANSKRIT LITERATURE: TRADITION & INNOVATIONS Prof: - P. Srirama Murthi


MODERN SANSKRIT LITERATURE: TRADITION & INNOVATIONS

Prof: - P. Srirama Murthi
Retired Professor of Andhra University,
Waltair.

Sanskrit literature is a perennial stream like the Ganges that originated in hoary past and is still flowing into the ocean of future ever growing rich in its course. It is both a classical and a modern literature of India. At the same time, it is unlike other classical literatures which ceased to be productive, no longer being used as vehicle of thought and muse. It is also unlike other modern literature s which are only of recent origin. It has strong cultural moorings of its own, a strong tradition and immense vitality. It has been used by poets and playwrights, scientists and philosophers, artists, and craftsman for expressing their ideas, codifying their discovery and clothing their muse. It has thus survived the ravages of time and is still being used by the contemporary poets and scholars, inspiring their muse and evoking new responses and also catering to new tastes and sensibilities. In this way Sanskrit literature is a unique phenomenon the history of world literature.

When the writers in Sanskrit are using the languages for their muse and thought, they are employing an age old idiom. Words with long associations of mythology and culture, philosophy and religion are employed to evoke new responses. The imagery, tones and overtones, nuances and suggestions associated with them, embedded in them and impregnated into them are called forth into play. They are further associated with newer ideas in new contexts. Thus the semantic richness is immense and this makes Sanskrit poetry a treat of aesthetic in modern times.

It is my pleasant duty now to review in a humble way the Sanskrit poetic writings of contemporary times and to find out how far it is tradition bound carrying on its legacy to the present and future and how far it is able to assimilate newer ideas, newer responses without losing its moorings. Is it able to succeed in this process? Or how far from its destination it is lingering on its way?

Sanskrit has continued to be the medium of expression of the elite throughout the history. It has flourished side by side with the regional languages as also along with the cultivation of Persian and Arabic. However the European onslaught gave a death blow as it were. But the great vitality is possessed enabled it to struggle hard to keep it alive and to grow further though with an apparent slump. The signs of revival and take off are seen once again on the horizon.

It is indeed amazing to see the abundance of contemporary Sanskrit literature almost in all parts of the country. Hundreds of poems and plays, big and small, on a variety of themes, ancient and modern, in diverse forms, old and new are being written in Sanskrit. The language itself is borrowing new idioms, coining new words, adapting old words to new ideas, giving them new connotations. It appears it it trying to emerge into an effecting modern idiom. I now venture to make a humble effort to present the scene mentioning a few works of only a few poets of representative character as far as possible and notice the trends and conventions being evolved in modern Sanskrit poetry.

A good number of Mahakavyas of the conventional type have been written during the period. They have adapted epic and mythological themes like Brahmagati and Prasannanjaneya of Dr.Dulipala Arkasomayaji.  Dr.Somayaji was a scientist poet of Andhra, a mathematician by profession and a Sanskritist and a poet by heart. Both of them received the U.P.Government award. The Prasannanjaneya is based on the Sundarakanda of Ramayana and it is in ten sargas. He is endowed with rare poetic genius and writes in chaste Sanskrit with a free flow. He adapted the Mandakranta metre famous for its suitability for Sandesakavyas. The state of Sri Rama after listening to the message of Sita from Hanuman is described thus.(1)1.        सौमित्रिस्तं यदपि बहुधा सान्त्वयामास किन्तु

स्वान्ते पश्यन् जनकतनयां दु:खतप्तां स राम:  

अन्तर्दृष्टि: वचनशृणोल्लक्ष्मणस्य प्रियस्य

क्षुब्धे चित्त्ते न किमपि नर: कर्तुमीष्टे विमूढ: 

Pt.Tryambak A.Bhandarkar’s Sri Swami Vivekananda charita mahakavyam is in 18 cantos with 1192 verses. The first letter of each Sarga is in different metre and the name of the metre comes in the verse itself.(2)
Vivekananda, the great nationalist saint is described thus;(3}

Vivekananda concern for the poor is voiced thus exhorting the youth.(4)
Srimat pratapanannyana Mahakavyam by Sri Ogeti Pariksit Sarma is a big epic of nationalist spirit divided into 8 kandas, eight sargas and 4233 slokas. Thirty-three different metres are employed in it including those of Telugu and Marati – Atavelades, Tetagiti and ovi. The poet is a keen student of history and charged with patriotic spirit which he expresses in the words of Ranapratap’s words –(5)

He calls the Rasa in the poem as   WORD 1                   nourished by Vira, Raudra, Karuna, Bibhastsa and Bhayanaka. Dr. Chandrasekhara Goswami pays an apt tribute to the poet in the words: (6)
The poem is deserved and awarded by the Sahitya Academy.
The Visalabharata of Pt.Shyamvarna Dwivedi narrates the story of Indian Republic. The first part in ten sargas was designated Jawajardigvijaya. The role played by great leaders of freedom struggle and national reconstruction is described in it. Similarly we have Mahakavyas written on Tilak, Gurugovinda Sinha, Chatrapati Sivaji, Jesus Christ, and Yasodara and so on.

We have a good number of modern writers who wrote Sanskrit poems of smaller size in both the traditional forms as well as new forms of style. In this class we may mention Vasantatilaka of Bommanakanti Srinivasacharya; Gagam Prati Himagiviri damuce by Ramachandra Misra, Sivachaturdasi of Rewaprasada Dwivedi (Sanatana). Eg. From Vasantatilaka – (Pratibha – 1969)(7)
Rasik Bihari Joshi wrote in rhythmic classical Sanskrit metres with rich imagery and musical resonance breathing a spirit of Bhakti –(8)

Dr. V.Raghavan’s poems show the influence of English romantic poets. One of his Anyopadesas carries a message to time in unity. (9)
Bhata Mathuranatha Sastri had initiated certain new genres in Sanskrit like Ghazals, Thumries and Dhrupada songs. Ratinath Jha composed verses on Mujib’s Muktiashini while Umashankar Sharma Sripathi wrote a monologue on untouchability – a down pour of expression of the feelings of the untouchables. The pathos is brought out acutely in the following verse (10)–
Similarly he speaks out for the farmer – (11)
Bhaskar Varnekar shows influence of Gandhian philosophy – (12)

The poetry of Ramakaran Sarma is rooted in Indian ethos and tradition. Rajendra Mishra experimented writing Ghazals and Kahari. M.G. Mainekas’s    beautiful elegy Smritaranga is – according to Radhavallabh Tripathi is a fitting tribute to a life partner and a celebration of conjugal love through memories. It reveals the saddest thought with tender feelings – (13)

His Garikasipakaram   is a sonnet in Sanskrit. B.K.Bhattacharya too wrote a number of sonnets collected in Kalapika. Jagannath Pathak has made a sustained effort to relieve and recreate the spirit, beauty and imagery of Persian poetry in his Kapisayani following Umarkhayyam. He harmonized the spirit of Umarkhayyam with Sanskrit culture and tradition. Ogeti Pariksit Sarma’s lyrics are modeled after Gita Govinda. He also wrote folksongs, fisherman songs and even disco songs in Sanskrit Sribhashyam Vijayasaradhi also instilled the resonance of folk songs and folk metres of Telugu into Sanskrit. Keshab Chandra Das writes blank verse. Harshadev Madhav introduced Japanese Haiku, Tanka and Korean Cize in Sanskrit poetry.

The Cize poems are unique in form and content and expressing Korean values with elegance of national characters, the beauty of the land and aspiration and passion of the people. This is ably borrowed by Harshadev Madhav –(14)
Arunoday Jain’s mono h    also be exemplified –
C.D.Deshmukh an active participants of national life and statesman has reacted to contemporary events in Sanskrit muse. His writings breathe the spirit of Gandhian philosophy and socialism. His elegy of Kennedy is full of pathos (1968).
Sriramavijayam of S.B.K.Raghunathacharya depicts the conversations of Srirama and Parasurama and culminates in the recognition and identification of the two Avatars of Vishnu which is substantiated in the Arthaetarayasa – (15)

Aurobindo the great nationalist yogi is known to have written an in completed poem Bhavamibharati while working with revolutionaries.
There have been several translations of classics of Indian and world literatures in Sanskrit. Some of them are translated by different persons and some in portions too. What strikes most is the translation of Sant Kabir’s songs and Saktis of Harihar Triwedi in his Kabir Trisati and Saktis. It is acclaimed to be as good as an independent poetic composition e.g.-(16)

Dr. B.Raghavan edited the renderings of poems of Rabindranath Tagore by different poets in Sanskrit under the title Samskrita Ravindram some from Bengali direct and some from English versions.
Dr.B.K. Bhattacharya rendered the Ruayat of Omarkhyaam into Sanskrit in Sardulavikyidit metre. The translation is from the English version of Fitzerald. While translating, the author rightly hoped ‘that the present Sanskrit translation in rhyming tunes will not fall on deaf ears, for most of the present day lovers of Sanskrit literature have a sufficiently catholic outlook in the academy no less than in the work-a-day world’. A few renderings as sample –(17)

Ajjada Narayanadasa not only wrote Harikatha’s in Sanskrit but also translated Omarkhayyam into Sanskrit. His was an erudite rendering with a scholastic diction.
Sri S.T.G. Veradachari of nationalist and an educationist wrote profusely in Sanskrit. He translated the famous Satika of Telugu – like Sunali solaka and Vemana solaka. They are well received in the Sanskrit world for their edification value –(18)
          अल्पो वदति साटोपं प्रशान्तं सज्जन: पुन:

कांश्यवत्किं वदेत्स्वर्णं  श्रूयतां वेम विश्वद ||

नक्रो जले द्विपं हन्ति  हन्यते तु बहिश्शुनै:

स्थानाद्बलं न तु स्वस्य श्रूयतां वेम विश्वद ||

आयात्येव स्वयं संपन्नारिकेळजलं यथा

अपैति करिणा जग्धं कपित्थं सुमते यथा ||

कोप एव स्वकीयोsरि: शान्ती रक्षा तथा दया ||

बन्धुस्तुष्टि: भवेत्स्वर्गं निरय: --- व्यथा ||      

सत्सङ्गाज्जायते सौख्यं कुसङ्गो क्लेशकारक:

अतस्तत्रैव गन्तव्यं यत्र साधुसमागम: 

जीवरूपेण सर्वेषां हृदये सो विराजते |

एतस्मात्कारणेनैव जीवहत्या निषिध्यते ||

संभाषणेन जानीयादयादयं साधुर्नवेति च

जिह्वाध्वना बहिर्याति यदस्ति हृदि कस्य चित्  


Similarly Nallanchakranarti Krishnamacharya translated Naukacharitam, a Telugu opera of Tyagaraja into Sanskrit. It depicts a boat shire of Sri Krisna and Gopis - Naukavihara in a beautiful manner (Pratibha VIII – I; 1969). The Abhangas of Tukaram are rendered into Sanskrit by Govinda Tekale. Tulasidas is translated by A.S.Venkatanatha, Nalini Sadhale and others. A.M.Srinivasacharya translated some of the Tamil songs of Alwars into Sanskrit. Prithvinath Pushpa translated Ghalib with the name Ghalib Trimsloka. Chandrasekhara Ramachandra Tamha rendered a few of Emerson’s poems and other English poems into Sanskrit.

The writers of modern Sanskrit literature are all not from the teachers of Sanskrit, the Pandits and the Professors. There have been civil servants like C.D.Deshmukh and B.K.Bhattacharya. Dr.Arakasomayaji, a professor of Mathematics and Dr.Dineshchandra Datta, a Professor of English, great poets in modern languages like Nagarjuna, Ambikadatta Vyasa, Viswanatha Satyanarayana and Kumaran Asan. With glowing interest in Sanskri among scientists and technicians, businessmen and administrators, Doctors and Engineers both the readers and creators of Sanskrit poetry are varied coming from diverse fields and giving a hope for a great revival of Sanskrit literature.
I may conclude the summary with thoughtful note of our friend Radhavallabh that –
“Tradition and modernity are going hand in hand in contemporary Sanskrit poetry. The efflorescence vibrates with immense possibilities”.
In imbibing the Indian spirit and in reacting to the modern situations in true Indian spirit Sanskrit poets of modern times are unique phenomenons. It is also well known that the great modern poets of Indian languages like Tagore have also been truly great and successful and brilliant when they inherited the Sanskrit culture and even idiom. They have tried to look at the events from a universal stand point but certain obsessions have made them look short. But I hope that in near future they will also do the same to develop a universal spirit becoming to our great tradition breath the same spirit that would enable its readers to become citizens of the world of the new orders.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
Sobasi                                       - An Anthology of Contemporary Sanskrit Poets by Sri Radhavallabh                                                            ,                                                    Tripathi, Sahitya Academy 1992.
Samskrita Pratibha                - VIII – I, Sahitya Academy, 1969.
Surabharati                              - 25th Annual Number, Baroda, 1991.
Omarakhayyama                    - by B.K.Bhattacharya, Sanskrit Pustak Bhandar, 1969.

SANSKRIT REFERENCES







Tuesday, May 12, 2020

The Influence of Kalidasa on Telugu Literature. Dr. P. Srirama Murty


The Influence of Kalidasa on Telugu Literature.
Dr. P. Srirama Murty
Professor and Head
Department of Sanskrit
AndhraUniversity
Waltair
(From the Souvenir of International Seminar on “ unresolved problems of Kalidasa –studies’(February 3-8-1983) Organosed by the school of Studies in Sanskrit, Vikram University, Ujjain. (India)

Kalidasa  is  considered the foremost of the poets of Classical Sanskrit Literature.  He has also become the model for later poets—“ Kavikula-guruh”.  Men of letters in the regional languages of India made him too their model, besides Valmiki and Vyasa.  Telugu literature that emerged in its classical style from Nannaya followed the foot-steps of these Sanskrit Poets.  It is interesting to see parallel developments in the Sanskrit literature and the Telugu literature produced in these regions in regard to style and structure, besides the themes.
All the seven well known works of Kalidasa influenced Telugu literature at different stages of its development.  In earlier times, the influence was general and was limited to a few translations that appeared from the pen of illustrious that appeared from the pen of illustrious poets.  The trio of classical Telugu literature – Kavitraya – namely Nannaya, Tikkana and Errapragada were generally influenced by Kalidasa.  Nannecoda’s ‘Kumarasambhava’ seems to be the earliest adaptation of the Kalidasian classic, Kumarasambhava.  He belonged to the 12th or 13th century.  It is in the style of a Prabandha, a unique model of Mahakavya evolved in Telugu resembling the Sanskrit Campukavya.  Haravilasa of Srinatha comes next to it, which is again an adaption of the Kumarasambhava.  Nissanku Kommana’s Kandarpadahanalila, a portion of his Sivalila-vilasamu, is yet another adaption of the same work in short, made in the fifteenth century.  The  Sringarasakuntala of Pillalamarri Pinavirabhadrakavi is a highly popular poetic version of the great classical drama of Kalidasa.
In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the Aja-Indumati episode of the Raghuvamsa seemed to have attracted the attention of poets.  Ramabhadrakavi and Kumara Dhurjati wrote works by the common name and theme Indumati  parinaya.  About 1660 A.D. Cintalapalli Chayapati translated the 4, 5, 6, 7 sargas of the Raghuvamsa with the title Raghavabhyudayamu.  To the eighteenth century belonged Parvatiparinaya of Raya Raghunathudu, an adaptation of the Kumarasambhava.  Two translations of Meghasandesa appeared during this century from the hands of Kotikalapudi Venkata Krsna Kavi and Matukupalli Nrsimhakavi, which have not come down to us unfortunately.  Avuduri Kiccayya translated the Raghuvamsa in 10 Asvasas during this period.  Kamanuri Krsnavadhani wroteIndumatiparinayam about 1800 A.D.  Puspagiri Timmakavi wrote Indumatikalyana. Some more adaptations of the stories of Indumati , Parvathi and Sakuntala produced in this period are known , but they have not come down to us. Parvati’s marriage story also appeared in the form of Yakshaganas- musical plays- fron the hands of Sahaji Maharaja and Venkatacharya in the 17th and 18th centuries respectively. Vajjhala Narasimhakavi and Dupati Seshacharya rendered Sakuntala in to Yakshagana . There are several other translations of the stories of Indumati’s marriage, Parvati’s marriage and Sakuntala , which have gone in to oblivion. From the titles , it is evident that they must have been influenced by Kalidasa. There are some other works which exhibit deep influence of of Kalidasa , though they are not exact translations of Kalidasa’s works. This is clear from their titles and execution.  Sudaksinaparinayam of Annayakavi (1560); Satcakravarticaritra of Kamineni Mallareddi (1600);  Acalatmajaparinaya of Tirumalabukkapattnam Venkatarya (17th Century);  Pururavacarita of Kanuparti Abbayamatya (1750)  Dilipacaritra of Katikalapudi Venkatakrsnakavi  and Sakuntalaparinaya of Akalankam Krsnakavi deserve mention.
It is evident from the above, that the story of Indumati’s marriage attracted these poets to a large extent.  The motifs and imagery of Kalidasa were largely adopted by these poets while describing similar incidents in their works by several poets.  We may mention here only a few like Srinatha (Srngara-Naisadha, 6, 64-68), Allasani Peddana (Manucaritra), 3, 60-69)  Pingali Surana (Kalapurnodaya, 8, 138-141) and Ramarajabhusana ( Vasucaritra, 6, 11-15 )
The period of the last century and a half is marked with a revival of interest in the classics of Kalidasa.  Poets of both traditional schools and modern schools of literature drew their inspiration from the works of Kalidasa, whom they regarded as a National poet breathing the aspirations of Indian People and holding a mirror not only to the external nature of the Indian sub-continent, but also supplying insights into the minds and hearts of her people.
The Rtusamhara, the description of the Indian seasons, seen through the eyes of a lover found over a score of translations, adaptations and imitations.  The Telugu Rituvulu of Visvanatha Satyanarayana marks itself out as a great masterpiece of conception and execution of great originality, wherein he describes the seasons as they are seen in the land of the Telugu speaking people, describing rivers and mountains, rice-fields and landscape of the country side and the village-life, familiar to the Telugu people.
There have also appeared many works influenced by the Meghasendesa, apart from other Dutakavyas like Cakorasandesa.  It is interesting to note here that there is a work called Meghapratisandesa incorporating the imagined reply of the beloved of Yaksa sent back to him through the cloud-messenger, written by Ravada Venkataramasastri.  The Kumarasambhava was not only translated into verse by different Telugu poets but it has also been dram tised.  The story also appeared with different titles like Umaparinaya, Kumarasvamivijayam, Nagajaata.  The Raghuvamsa was translated into Telugu completely or sometimes only up to the tenth sarga.  Likewise, select portions of it like the story of Aja or Dilipa have been translated.  Dipala Piccayyasastri rendered it into a prose work.
  The Malavikagnimitra was translated into Telugu by about half a dozen poets, starting with Vedam Venkatarayasastri.  Similarly, the Vikramorvasiya was also rendered into Telugu by the above author and by six others.  The Abhijnana-Sakuntala has been translated by about twenty poets.  Among these translations, the one by Kandukuri Viresalingam Pantulu  is the most popular one.  General influence of Sakuntala on the descriptions of love in union or in separation in the Prabandhas in Telugu is quite conspicuous.
General critical works in Telugu on the works of Kalidasa have also appeared.  This tradition is rooted in the great commentaries of Mallinatha on the Mahakavyas of Kalidasa and those of katayavema on the three dramas.  There are, besides, several creative works in Telugu, which bear clear impressions of Kalidasa’s works.  The impressions are sometimes exquisite.  While some of them bear the stamp of borrowings of phraseology, others have borrowed the imagery, expressed in Telugu idiom.  

Sunday, May 3, 2020

LIFE’S ENIGMA ( K.V Satyanarayana, M.Sc)


LIFE’S ENIGMA

 K.V Satyanarayana,  M.Sc

Late Sri K. V Satyanarayana Garu , was a  Retired Head of the department of Chemistry , A.N.R. College , Gudivada, AndhraPradesh

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         Both the beginning and end of life-birth and death-are mysterious events.  What is known even to a high school student is that fusion of the male and female cells leads to fertilization and a beginning of new life.  Both cells, to begin with, are simple and single.  The resultant entity—zygote as the biologists call it—goes on dividing relentlessly into 2, 4, 8, 16 and so on.  How and why does this division occur?  More surprising and stunning is that different tissues and organs—the brain, the face and its inhabitants, the limbs, the heart, the liver, the kidneys, the genitals, the skeleton.  The same type of cells at some appropriate point of time, become prodigal and deviate from the original group.  Who or what prompts and promotes the division and diversification?  The only plausible, if not entirely convincing, explanation is that this property or propensity is inherent in the original zygote, whatever that may mean.
          To the biologist and biochemist there is scope for technical explanation.  The DNA (deoxy ribo nucleic acid) , the fundamental life unit, carries different constituents (nucleotides) along its helix-fashioned length ( their tongue-twisting names, for the curious reader, are adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine).
            Their arrangement is different in different DNA units.  And this difference in the order (by virtue of innumerable permutations and combinations) is most probably responsible for the differentiation of tissues and organs and their functions.  A simple analogy is warranted.  The letters A,E,R, can be shuffled and jumbled into three entirely different words: ARE, EAR, ERA.
         Growth and development of individuals are a function of these mysterious ramifications:  the brain cells “think”, the eye cells “see”, the heart cells “beat”, the genital cells “perpetuate” the species.  Not only the nature of these functions is different from one another but the quality of the functions also  varies vastly from individual to individual- although, remember, the constituents of the brain cells of Gandhi are the same as or similar to those of Godse.
           A possible explanation, though not entirely convincing is that, during an individual growth, nature (heredity) and nurture (environment) play a pivotal role.

The other extreme of life – death – is equally, if not more, perplexing than birth and life.  Until some fifty years ago the boundary between life and death was the last breath and the last heartbeat.  But the portable respirator whips the lungs to breathe just as in life. 
The heart machine restores the heartbeat, the electrical pacemaker stimulates the heart into action and the heart—lung machine regulates the circulation—essential functions of life.
            These technical wonders seem to make everything hunky – dory except, of course, life, as we know it, is not revived.  Also, in some cases, the heart and lung resume their function spontaneously (without the extraneous aids), though the patient is not conscious – a “vegetative” state.  This paradoxical state has led medical experts to define actual death as “brain death”.  The patient may go into coma.  Coma, itself, is studied as reversible and irreversible coma-redemption and non-redemption of life.  A case was cited some years ago regarding this transitional state between life and death.  A 21-year old woman in Montreal was unconscious (in coma) for as many as 12 years but “alive” till death finally ensued.  Irreversible coma is not that lucky.  And this condition is determined through EEG (electroencephalogram) which, contrary to a wavy picture in a normal brain, is isoelectric (a flat line).  This picture enables doctors to distinguish between reversible and irreversible coma and to decide whether the patient can or cannot be resuscitated to normal life.
          Our searching question is:  Why do the vital organs fail to perform their ordained functions?  Is it not paradoxical that even some efficient cardiologists die due to cardiac illness?  As in birth, who or what impels the cessation of the functions of the vital organs, culminating in death?
           A philosopher or theologian can satisfy himself and some others by interpreting the mystery of life and death as divine ordainment.  Since it is quite rational and logical to assume a cause for an effect, the question automatically arises: “Who or what precedes “divine ordainment” and what was its precedent?  This chain of questions goes on ad infinitum.  And this eternal enigma flies in our face.

                                        (1st February 2012)
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Saturday, May 2, 2020

MAN MACHINE VERSUS MACHINE MAN Prof:-P.Sriramamurti


MAN MACHINE VERSUS  MACHINE  MAN
Prof:-P.Sriramamurti
4/112, Vidyut Nagar,
Dayalbagh, Agra-5

1.     “Man is a Tool using Animal”.  Param Guru Sahabji Maharaj, one of the greatest scientists of Spiritual Consciousness explained that a tool is an apparatus employed for achieving big results with the help of nature in conformity with its laws.  Radhasoami Dayal, the Supreme Source of Infinite Spirit Force, in His Mercy, uses a unique tool, the Satguru, whom He uses to uplift the spirits from the ocean of low spirituality   making them attain higher levels of Spiritual Consciousness. 
2.     There is a huge difference between tools invented by man and the tools of God which work for achieving the purpose of creation in accordance with the laws of nature.  Man-Machine is an evolved man, a complete man, a Superman, Homo Spiritualism, a Param Sant, in tune with Primordial Infinite Reservoir of Spiritual Consciousness.  A Machine Man is a device invented by scientist, endowing it with Artificial Super Intelligence of the highest order conceivable, a Super Robot.  
3.     It is feared that the Bostrom Machine man will supersede natural man governed by the Law of Accelerated Returns.  Others say it will not happen.  There will be controls over its performance again mechanically managed or by spiritually Super-Intelligent Natural Super Man – Ray Kurzweil.
4.     Computers are exceeding human intelligence.  Super-intelligent machines Spiritual machines are soon coming into existence.  This fast development of artificial intelligence is feared to overtake the efficiency of man who is the creator of all these machines, himself.    Bostrom and others caution – “we need to be super careful with AI which is potentially more dangerous than nukes” while Ray Kurzweil holds the view that humans will not be outpaced by the AIs.  They will only enhance the capabilities of men merging with their own creations. In this predicament certain fundamental questions arise.  What is the destination of all this?  Does it coincide with the purpose and goal of evolution of creation as believed and understood although in the great Religious Traditions of the world?
5.     Did not the Supreme Spiritual Intelligence that brought into existence all this creation foresee this?  Everything is in order eg., Evolution of man through physical  &  chemical, physiological & biological, psychological  & scientific, philosophical &  spiritual  to a Complete man,  a Superman, “in whom life and attributes of spirit shall have the fullest expression, men through whom the gracious object of creation would be truly fulfilled.”  “ Man will then readily recognize one another as brothers, and nations and communities will sink their differences and work for the common good.”
6.     The arrangement for such a course of  evolution of Superman is made by the Supreme Primeval Spiritual Intelligent Force  (which traditionally is designated as God -  Merciful Radhasoami) characterized as Infinite Reservoir of Chaitanya (Spirituality) or Sat, Chit, Anand, Prem, Prakash.  According to Bruce H.Lipton (The Biology of Belief), we are made in the image of the Universe with its benign Creator, the environment created by God.  As such we are designed by nature to fit in that environment not in the environment we are now waking.  We all represent a small part of the whole, -- a small part of God. 
7.      If humans were to model the life style of healthy communities of cells , including from subatomic particles to cell to neurons and embodied spirit entities of higher order like men the earth will be more peaceful.  He concludes : The members of that enlightened community will recognize that we are made in the image of such an environment i.e., we are divine,  and that we have to operate that not in a survival of the  fittest manner, but in a way that supports everyone and everything on this planet.
8.     It is easier to make a man of wax or an intelligent  (emotional) or spiritual machine   endowed with a sort of creativity, looking at which one may wonder whereas in order to produce  a living child,  in bearing and nurturing it,  every mother has to undergo suffering.  The communities undertaking the responsibility to produce perfect men, intelligent and spiritual with values of the highest level have to undergo lots of trouble.
9.       The child when born is very weak and small.  In order to develop it physically and mentally and also spiritually, the communities have got to plan and execute it in a number of ways.  “The Seva of  producing  a real living child and develop   it into Superman appears to be entrusted to the Radhasoami Satsang by Almighty.  Though our progress would be slow and we have to undergo pain and suffering and remain much behind  for quite a long time, our task is real  and genuine and the world  with all its living beings would get real happiness from it and the object of creation as enunciated by Saints would be fully accomplished in a natural way.
10.Sahabji Maharaj said that Nature desires now to bring into existence  a race  in this world  whose members may possess in them the virtues of four Varnas collectively.  This Superman is known as Satsangi in Hindi.  The Community of these people would form Spiritual Aristocracy.  In this world the Satguru alone is such a perfect Being, a Superman.  Other Supermen will be produced on His pattern, under His guidance,  from those who have surrendered  to Radhasoami Dayal.  The Satguru is the Sun and Satsangi is like a ray.
11.Radhasoami Dayal selected the Community of Radhasoami Satsang for doing the greatest service of producing Supermen.  Satsangis and Satsangins should therefore handover their children to Satsang so that it might form the beginning and they are brought up under the management of Satsang.  This will be of great help in achieving that object.  Arrangements are being introduced in Satsang for the care of children and their upbringing and education from the time of their birth.  The result would be that they would naturally have love for Satsang and a feeling in their hearts that they should serve Satsang.  Their number will go on increasing in geometric proportions.  As some of these Supermen invent useful things for the welfare of mankind in tune with natural environment and fulfil the object of creation.  They will naturally have control of all the advances and inventions that are made by men.
12.The parents also can attract souls  of higher Sanskaras by leading an ideal life and procreating in accord to the Divine plan for spiritualization of  all creation.  Conscious parents and seers know that for human babies and adults the best promoter into higher life forms  is love.  “Love is the water of life”.  We are made in the image of God and the natural environment made by Him.  The more we harmonize with them the better for natural evolution of a man strong in body, intelligent in mind and loving in spirit.
13.In conscious parenting, parents function as  genetic engineers.  Children (embodied spirit entities) as small creatures have a pre –birth  life in the womb and before entering the womb.  Parental programming influences the power of the Sub-conscious mind, while he inherits the (Sanskars) tendencies from the earlier lives  and from the start of creation.  The experience  in the womb shapes the brain and contributes to their personality development.  Conscious conception and conscious pregnancy as also conscious nurturing  of the child from conception are very important.
14.Hence the object of the Satsang is to make Satsangis obey the orders of the Satguru and then definitely the race of Supermen would come into being through the Satsang. The present Sant Satguru of Radhasoami Satsang, Dayalbagh who assumed the role of Chairman, Avisory Committee on Education in Dayalbagh Educational Institutes , started recently  a scheme of Pre-Nursery training in Dayalbagh which is designated as Superman Scheme under which parents of children of age 3 months to 3 years bring them to Satsang, PT, Fields and all other functions and expose them to Satsang Way of life intimately from infanthood to facilitate their growing into Supermen.  It has also been announced that we should become buzz-worthy or Consciousness-worthy through publicizing our scientific investigations on the phenomenology of high spiritual life of Radhasoami Satsang and experimentations. 
15.It is  extremely difficult to describe  the origin of creation.  Intelligence is incapable of grasping it and speech is incapable of describing it.  Yet every founder of religion, philosopher and scientist expressed his ideas about it.  The Radhasoami Faith  having the highest revelations tells that Supreme Being, the Infinite Ocean of Spirituality, was in a state of  absolute self-absorption before creation.  A commotion (an upheaval or Mauj)  arose in Him which manifested as a spiritual Shabda (sound).  
16.The energy of the Supreme Being had two characteristics   – ‘angas’  – one that of  spreading out from the pole and spirit  (magnetizing) the particles in its field of action and the second part  of attracting the those particles towards the pole. “Surat Ang’ and ‘Shabda ang’  and on account of excess or deficiency  of these two  characters    in a particle of spirit entity , there is distinction of male and female in the creation.  Shabda Ang predominates in male and Surat Ang in female.  
17.The  imitation in articulate speech of the sound of the spirit current is ‘Radha’ and that of commotion or wave is ‘Soami’.  Thus the one holy name or the Supreme mantra of the origin and source of all spirituality in creation is “Radhasoami”.  The first Primeval Form of the Infinite Source of Spirituality was only elliptical like the forms of all other force centres in the universe.
18.The Primordial Omni Spirit Force, an Infinite Reservoir of Spirituality acted in three phases.  It was in a comatose condition of potential state of polarization before creation. With the First-Big-Bang-Mauj,  an  upheaval in the Infinite Reservoir of Spirituality and a wave  came out “Soami” and “Radha” and announced itself as Radhasoami – an integral Sound - Unity of Spirit and Shabda.  The momentum created the Nirmal Chetan Desha with its 6 sub-divisions.  Then Second  Big Bang  mentioned  in Vedas as Ikshana,  created the  Brahmandas (at the bottom of Maha Sunn, the buffer region separating the Region of Pure Spirit and Universal Minds).  The third Big Bang took place below Chidakasa, the buffer region separating Regions of Universal Minds  and Material Regions,  which created the physical universe we see. This is the Big Bang scientists describe.
19.The Spirit Force  with innumerable  spirit entities of different grades entered these  Lokas and assumed different bodies made  of clouds of low spirituality that enveloped them before creation. Special arrangements were made to uplift the Jivas .  Arrangements for reclamation of the Jivas to the Infinite Source  are made by sending Avatars from Brahmand and finally Nirmal Chetan Desh.  Avatar of Sant Satguru came as a finale of others from Brahmand and started work of salvation of Jivas  taking them upto higher spiritual regions and finally to Radhasoami Dham.
20.Starting from the lower rung of the ladder of evolution, the spirit first conquered  the forces of inorganic matter and converted a portion of it into organic matter and then evolved mind and ultimately reason.  For a very long time our planet was a whirling mass of minute particles of lifeless matter, spinning in space at a great velocity.  Undergoing necessary transformations, it became fit to be home of life.   Protoplasm appeared on the surface of its waters and organisms were formed.
21.The forces of spirit further proceeded and evolved many forms of life and  in succession till at last they produced the first man.  The idea of evolving higher species appears to be dropped and the forces of spirit then directed their attention to evolve mind and produced the  modern man so well-grown and developed in reason.                   
22.All knowledge of humanity has been unfolded and will be discharged by spirits possessing the mental caliber – scientists, philosophers, and spiritual leaders.  Spiritual knowledge  , however was communicated to humanity i.e. revealed by prophets and incarnations from Brahmanda and Nirmal Chetan Desh.
23.Scientific investigations by mathematicians and physicists are giving convincing explanations for the statements of Vedic Rishis and Sants of Eastern Religions and  Radhasoami Faith.  They found that the size of those physical particles is infinitesimally small and the smaller they get the larger capacity they possess (anoraniyan mahato mahiyanअणोरणीयान्महतो महीयान् ) and (आसीनो दूरं व्रजति शयानो याति सर्वत: asino duram vrajati sayono yati sarvatah).   And the sizes are akin to those of mind-particles and spirit particles (spirit entities as described by Religion).  They can penetrate into all regions of physical world and survive there and also get into mind-world (Brahmanda) and spirit-world (Nirmal Chetan Desh) possessing infinite capabilities.  The inventions and discoveries of modern science are no wonders to the religious people as they have been known to them intimately.
24.The spirit of the Satguru is also a motion and the Satguru makes His motion reach the mind and spirit of the person on whom He directs His glance of mercy.  This brings about  a change in his mind and spirit. There is a parallel between the conquests of emperors and those of the spirit in the evolution of life.
25.It is now endeavouring to evolve a race of Superman in whom life and attributes of spirit will have fullest expression.  Every normal parent presently wants to raise his children beyond himself.  In this manner humanity is steadily advancing towards  form of life that will be rich in knowledge , that will comprehend and appreciate its surroundings better and that will not rest till it has realized Ultimate Reality moving towards  Right Consciousness and Omni-consciousness.      
26.Education is the technique of  transmitting as completely as possible, the technological, intellectual, moral and artistic heritage through which the race  forms the growing individual and makes him completely human, a Superman.  Such a sustained effort and continued progress would evolve a race of higher men through whom the gracious object of creation would be truly fulfilled.               
27.It is only then that the forces of Spirit would rejoice at their greatest victory over the forces of matter.  Mankind will then understand the use of acquisitive principle;  rancor and strife, distrust and jealousy that disfigure human society today will cease to exist in the world forever.
28.Human beings have already started living beyond reason and lower intuitions.     Real  life has significance when it goes beyond reason to ethics, values and beauty.  Reason is only a tool for the fundamental will and desire (Mauj).  It should  be used to help us get what we want for our ultimate good.  Exploring limitations of knowledge,  reason and intuitions of lower order man should pursue his ultimate good  with the help of Supermen who realized Ultimate Reality.  
29.God created a unique man machine in the human form of Supreme Saint (Param Sant) who has access to all the Regions of Creation.    Other humans too by submitting a Prayer  to the Param Sant can access to the Infinite Source of Consciousness ,  the Creator God through whom it reaches Him  and get a response.  The Supreme Being in fact is working out the salvation of all spirit entities through that mechanism only to make them Supermen like Him.  Human Brain is evolved by Him through Nature, His creation, in such a way as to contain  all the doorways to all the creational regions.   When Param Sant incarnated, the Brain was evolved in full.   The doors are all kinetic in Him  and are there in other humans as potential doorways to be  opened when a person is trained in the Surat Shabda Yoga meditation technique by Param Sants. Surat Shabda Yoga technique comprises listening to the unstruck sounds inwardly at various subtle nerve centres of mind and spirit resonating there,  under the guidance of a contemporary accomplished teacher.    One  then becomes a Superman who can control even the so called superintelligent machines.
30.Scientists are building   intelligent machines and even spiritual machines which would act and  react emotionally with values as fed to them  and  create new things and  even create the robots  anew in their turn.  They are not endowed with spiritual entities but with chips highly charged  which could   act in a way following  the value system fed into it.  This feeding is being done based on their knowledge of the human brain and their functional capacities in terms of physical and electro-chemical, biological and neurological functions.   They are working just at the threshold  of brain-mind interface without even recognizing mind-spirit interface.   The mind  centres in brain located in  grey matter and the spirit centres located in white matter on the line of division of left-right lobes of the brain  are  not only not identified but also the second and third  level flows of mental and spirit currents  are considered.
31.One should understand that the neural circuitries of flow of attention currents of mind and spirit in outward and the  inward directions  have not been fully explored.  They are explained only by the  organic physiologists of eastern medicines and masters of  Yoga techniques of different traditions in the world including  Sufi  and  Sant traditions.    It is therefore a desideratum to tackle and apply these methods for exploring mind and spirit which alone enables one to understand the true nature of consciousness.  The Universe created by the primeval Consciousness is one indivisible organic whole in which not only energy and matter are deeply entangled but also the mind and the spirit. 
32.It is said that true experiences in living beings belong to the the spirit entities  residing in them which is directly  perceived  when a spirit entity turns inwards and establishes harmony with the internal sound produced  by the flow of the kinetic spirit current.   The faculties of extra-sensory perception in the near death experiences, knowledge of past lives, and  inner visions   pertain to   higher mind and spirit.   They cannot be had   by chips .   It is the prerogative of the spirit entity only.  So a machine man without being endowed with the  presence of a spirit entity  cannot have an experience  of the sort of pain and pleasure  that  embodied humans  have.  In our quest for Consciousness, we should not ignore this fundamental truth  and biindly go after illusions created by pseudo-Science.  The human machine   designed by nature has this system where  all functions are controlled   by spirit force  which  supervises all activites in creation.
33.As Bruce H.Lipton has rightly said the intelligent cells should  be allowed to propel humanity to go up one more rung upwards the evolutionary ladder so that the living beings endowed with love and higher consciousness not only just survive but thrive.  Scientists should try to understand the natural order of things in creation at all levels and live in harmony with it such that the gracious object of creation as enunciated by Saints be realized .  Providence has created man in the image of God in an environment designed by nature that is the counterpart of Infinite Reservoir of Spirit Force.  Spirit and Science should be united to create a better world.  The Super intelligence of the Supreme Spirit Force will certainly take care of the passing phases  of our intellectual vagaries in the course of evolution.               
SELECT   BIBLIOGRAPHY

1.     Bruce H.Lipton,  The Biology of Belief, Haryana, India, 2015/16
2.     Maharaj Sahab, Discourses on Radhasoami Faith, Radhasoami Satsang Sabha, Dayalbagh, Agra, India, 2004.
3.     Max Tegmark, Our Mathematical Universe – My  Quest for the Ultimate Nature of Reality,  Random House, Penguin Books, 2014
4.     Noson S.Yanofsky, The Outer Limits of Reason, What Science, Mathematics and Logic cannot tell us, The MIT Press, 2013.
5.     Prem Saran Satsangi, Stuart Hameroff Ed. , Consciousness – Integrating Eastern and Western Perspectives, New Age Books, Delhi, 2016
6.     Prem Saran Satsangi, Expositions on Truth , Ultimate Reality and Supreme Being, Radhasoami Satsang Sabha, Dayalbagh, Agra, India,2010
7.     Ray Kurzweil,  How to Create a Mind, The Secret of Human Thought Revealed, Penguin Books, NY, 2013.
8.     Sahabji Maharaj, Diary Part I, Dt.24-02-1931, Radhasoami Satsang Sabha, Dayalbagh, Agra, India
9.     Sahabji Maharaj,  Writings and Speeches of Param Guru Huzur Sahabji Maharaj, (1928-1937), Radhasoami Satsang Sabha, Dayalbagh, Agra, India 2006 and Convocation Address (Page 334)
10. V.S. Ramachandran, The Tell Tale Brain unlocking the mystery of human nature, Random House, India, 2010.