CONVERSATIONAL SANSKRIT-17

                                         Lesson - 17

Dr. DurgaprasadaRao Chilakamarthi

                                                                                                                             dr.cdprao@gmali.com                               9897959425

 

Unit I. अपेक्षया = comparatively 

While judging or describing something we compare it with the other. In such cases we normally use the word अपेक्षया in Sanskrit. It denotes the meaning relatively or comparatively.

 1. विन्ध्यपर्वतस्य अपेक्षया हिमालयपर्वत: उन्नत:

The Himalaya Mountain is comparatively taller than Vindhya Mountain.

2. रामायणस्य अपेक्षया महाभारतं बृहत्

The Mahabharata is larger than the Ramayana.

3. यमुनानद्या: अपेक्षया गङ्गानदी दीर्घा

The river Ganges is comparatively longer than the river Yamuna

4. श्रव्यकाव्यस्य अपेक्षया दृश्यकाव्यं रमणीयतरम्

Drama is comparatively more aesthetic than kavya (treatise).

5. कार्यकरणस्य अपेक्षया कार्यकारणं कठिनम्

Getting things done by others is comparatively more difficult, than doing things on their own.

6. मम अपेक्षया मम मित्रं बुद्धिशाली

Comparatively my friend is more intelligent than I

Unit- II. तुमुन् – in  तुमुन् only  तुम्  remains.

तुमुन् is an infinitive and it denotes the cause or purpose of action.

For example:

मोहन: पुस्तकं पठितुं ग्रन्थालयं गच्छति

Mohan goes to the library to read a book.

Here the purpose of going to the library is explained.

तुमुन् is said in one way asनिमित्तबोधकक्रिया  nimittabodhakakriyaa and is attached to every verbal toot as affix to express the purpose of that activity.

1. पठति- पठितुम् = to read

मीनाक्षी पुस्तकं पठितुं ग्रन्थालयं गमिष्यति ||

2.  लिखति – लेखितुम् = to write

महिला परीक्षां लेखितुं कलाशालां गमिष्यति

3. पिबति – पातुम् =to drink

लता क्षीरं पातुं गृहं गतवती ||

4.  खादति –खादितुम् = to eat

बालिका अन्नं खादितुं गृहं गमिष्यति

A girl is going home to eat food.

5.  मिलति – मेलितुम् to meet)

अहं मम मित्रं मेलितुं कार्यालयं गच्छामि

I am going to the office to meet my friend.

6. भवितुम् = to become

स: वैद्य: भवितुं वैद्यशास्त्रं पठति ||

He is studying medicine to become a doctor.

7. क्रीडति-क्रीडितुम्=to play

बालक: क्रिकेट क्रीडितुं क्रीडाङ्गणं गतवान् ||

8.  त्यजति –त्यक्तुम् = to leave /to give up

देशभक्त: राष्ट्रहिताय स्वप्राणानपि त्यक्तुं संसिद्धो भवति ||

A patriot is ready to give up his life for the welfare of his country

5. जानाति –ज्ञातुम् = to know

बालक: शब्दस्य अर्थं ज्ञातुं निघण्टुं पठति

A boy is reading dictionary to know the meaning of a word.

6. करोति –कर्तुम्   = to do

माता पाकं कर्तुं पाकशालां गतवती

Mother went to kitchen to cook food.

7. प्रक्षालयति –प्रक्षालयितुम् = to clean

पिता पादौं प्रक्षालयितुं  स्नान गृहं गत्तवान् |

Father went to bathroom to wash his feet.

8. प्रेषयति –प्रेषयितुम् =to send

सेवक: पत्रं  प्रेषयितुं पत्रालयं  गच्छति

The servant went to the post office to send a letter.

9. ददाति –दातुम् = to give

पिता पुत्राय धनं दातुं गृहम् आगच्छति

Father is coming to the house to give money to his son.

10. शृणोति- श्रोतुम् = to hear / to listen to

माता उपन्यासं श्रोतुं देवालयं गतवती ||

Mother went to temple to listen to a discourse.

11. करोति---कर्तुम् = to do

ललिता  कार्यं कर्तुं गृहं गच्छति |

Lalitha is coming to the house to do work.

12. ददाति--- दातुम् =to give

माता धनं दातुं भिक्षुकम् आह्वयति |

Mother invites a beggar to give money.

13. नयति---नेतुम् =to take

बालिका पुस्तकं नेतुं ग्रन्थालयं गतवती ||

A girl went to library to take a book.

14. नृत्यति---नर्तितुम् = to dance

नर्तकी नर्तितुं देवालयं गमिष्यति ||

A dancer will go to temple to perform a dance programme.

15. गायति---गातुम् = to sing

मम मित्रं देशभक्तिगीतं गातुं जनानां पुरत: तिष्ठति |

My friend is standing in front of audience to sing a patriotic song

16. पृच्छति--- प्रष्टुम् = to ask

चात्र: प्रश्नं प्रष्टुम् अध्यापकस्य समीपं गतवान् ||

A student approached teacher to ask a question.

17. प्रेषयति --- प्रेषयितुम् = to send

18 . मापयति--- मापयितुम् = to measure

मालाकार: मालां मापयितुं मापिकां स्वीकरोति||

A garland maker is taking a scale to measure the garland

 

19 . तोलयति--- तोलयितुम्  = to weigh

वर्तक: वस्तूनि तोलयितुं तुलाम् आनयति||

The businessman is taking balance to weigh the commodities.

20 . ज्ञापयति--- ज्ञापयितुम् = to remind

प्रधानाध्यापक: परीक्षायां तिथिं ज्ञापयितुं छात्रान् आह्वयति

The principal is inviting students to remind/announce the date of the examinations.

21. प्रक्षालयति– प्रक्षालयितुम् = to clean/wash

माता गृहं प्रक्षालयितुं जलं नयति ||

Mother is taking water to clean the house.

22. पूजयति—पूजयितुम् = to worship

भक्त: देवं पूजयितुं पुष्पाणि क्रीणाति ||

The devotee is purchasing flowers to worship God.

महिला शिशुन् पोषयितुम् उद्योगं करोति||

A lady is doing job to feed children.

13 . आनयति--- आनेतुम् (to bring)

माता जलम्  आनेतुं नदीतीरं  गतवती

Mother went to the riverbank to bring water.

Unit III. A. किन्तु (but) nevertheless, on the contrary; otherwise, than.

अहं चलनचित्रं  द्रष्टुम् इच्छामि किन्तु मम समपे धनं नास्ति ||

I want to see move but I have no money.

मम बुभुक्षा अस्ति किन्तु न खादामि ||

I am hungry but I don’t eat.

पुस्तकम् अस्ति किन्तु पठितुं समय: नास्ति ||

There is a book but no time to read.

B.  किल verily, 2. Likely hood; probably, possibly) 3. Conciliatory, 4.  Assertion, certainly (indeed, verily, assuredly

5. False hood. Think that something true or likely, but lack of proof.

या पाणिनिसूत्राणि संपूर्णतया रटनम् अकरोत् सा पञ्चवर्षीया बालिका स्यात् किल |

 A girl who byhearted the entire sutras of Panini is supposed to be of five year old.

य: भगवद्गीतास्पर्धायां  विश्वविजेता अभतत् स:  दशवर्षीय: बालक: किल| A boy who secured I prize in international competition is supposed to be of ten year old.

 C. निश्चयेन = undoubtedly, decisively, certainly

स: निश्चयेन विजयं प्राप्नोति

He will win certainly.

 D. बहुश: probably, many times, in many ways.

मम पुत्र: गृहं आगच्छति बहुश: तस्य विराम: दत्त: भवेत् ||

My son came to see me; probably holidays

might have been given to him.

 Unit IV-गृहे केषाञ्चन वस्तूनां नामानि

 द्वारम् = door;  ताल:= lock; कुञ्चिका =key;  वातायनम्=window: कवाटम्=door;  शौचालय:= lavatory;  स्नानालय:= bathroom; वस्त्रक्षालकम् = washing machine; सोपानानि = steps; कपाटिका= cupboard; वस्तुधानी = alma rah; आसन्द:= chair; उत्पीठिका= table; संगणकयन्त्रम् = computer; दूरवाणी = phone; दूरदर्शिनी= Television; पिञ्ज: = switch; व्यजनम् = fan ; दण्डदीप: = tube light.

 Unit-V.                    

वाहनानां नामानि

कार यानम् – मम पिता कारयानेन कार्यालयं अगच्छत् | 

My father went to the office by car. .

स्कूटरयानम् – अहं स्कूटर् यानेन कळाशालां गच्छामि

I go to college by scooter.

विमान यानम्- मुख्यमन्त्री विमान यानेन विदेशं  गमिष्यति  ||  इत्यादि

The Chief minister will go abroad by flight.

 

 Sanskrit shloka:

आशाया: ये दासाः ते दासा: सर्वलोकस्य

आशा येषां दासी तेषां दासायते लोक ||

 

Those who are subordinates (slaves) of desire are subordinates to the entire world. But, for whom the desire becomes subordinate (slave)  the entire world becomes subordinate to them.

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