CONVERSATIONAL
SANSKRIT-5
Dr. Chilakamarthi. Durga Prasada Rao
+91 9897959425
Lesson-
5
शब्दानां बहुवचनरूपाणि-पुंलिङ्गशब्दा:
Plural forms of
masculine words
We have already studied the singular forms of different nouns, pronouns, and verbs. Now let us learn the plural forms of those words. Unlike many languages Sanskrit has dual number also which is a unique characteristic.
For
example:
बालक: boy -बालकौ two boys - बालका: many boys
वृक्ष: tree -वृक्षौ two trees -वृक्षा: many trees
बालिका one girl -बालिके two girls -बालिका: many girls
नदी one river -नद्यौ two rivers –
नद्य: many rivers
पुस्तकम् one book -पुस्तके two books -पुस्तकानि many books wo flowers.
पुष्पम् one flower -पुष्पे two flowers –
पुष्पाणि many flowers
In conversational Sanskrit we deal with
singular and plural only leaving dual for easy understanding.
Singular Plural
बालक: ( boy) --- बालका: ( boys)
वृक्ष: (tree)--- वृक्षा: (trees)
ग्राम: ( village)--- ग्रामा: ( villages)
देश: ( country)--- देशा: ( countries)
पण्डित: ( scholar)-- पण्डिता: ( scholars)
अध्यापक: ( teacher) – अध्यापका: ( teachers)
कवि: (poet) ---
कवय: ( poets)
मणि: ( jewel) -- मणय: (jewels)
गुरु: (preceptor)-- गुरव: ( preceptors)
भानु: (Sun) - भानव:( Suns)
Plural forms feminine
words
स्त्रीलिङ्गशब्दानां
बहुवचनरूपाणि
Singular
Plural
बालिका ( girl) --- बालिका: (girls)
महिला (woman) --- महिला: (women)
पाठशाला (school)--- पाठशाला: (schools)
माला (garland) – माला: (garlands)
अध्यापिका (Lady teacher)– अध्यापिका: (lady teachers)
लता ( creeper) - लता: (creepers)
नदी- (river) - नद्य:( (rivers)
वधूः ( bride) - वध्व: (brides)
Plural forms of neuter words
नपुंसकलिंगशब्दानां
बहुवचनरूपाणि
Singular
Plural
मुखम् ( face)--- मुखानि ( faces)
नक्षत्रम् (star)--- नक्षत्राणि (stars)
पुष्पम् (flower)---पुष्पाणि (flowers)
पुस्तकम् (book)---पुस्तकानि ( books)
नेत्रम् (eye)---नेत्राणि (eyes)
चित्रम् (picture)--- चित्राणि (pictures)
पत्रम् ( leaf)---पत्राणि (leaves)
मित्रम् (friend)--- मित्राणि (friends)
सर्वनामशब्दानां
बहुवचनरुपाणि
Plural forms OF
PRONOUNS
Masculine gender
ते They (at a distance) —एते (close vicinity) – के? Who ?
Feminine gender
ता: They(at a distance) --एता: They (in close vicinity) – का: ? who?
तानि hose –एतानि These – कानि? Which
0r what?
भवान् you ( man or boy) —भवन्त: you men or boys
भवती you (girl or woman) —भवत्य: you (girls or
women)
अहम् (I or I am )– वयम् ( We or we are )
******
सर्वनामशब्दानां बहुवचनरुपाणि
Plural forms of Pronouns (masculine
gender).
Singular
Plural
स: बालक: (he is a boy) ---ते बालका: (they
are boys)
एष: बालक:( this is a boy) --- एते बालका: (these
are boys)
क: बालक: (who is a boy?) --- के बालका: (who are boys?)
सर्वनामशब्दानां
बहुवचनरुपाणि
Plural forms of
pronouns (feminine gender)
ता:--एता:--का:?
सा बालिका (She is a girl)-- ता: बालिका: (Those are girls)
एषा बालिका ( This is a girl) -- एता: बालिका: (These
are girls)
का:बालिका:? (Who are girls?)
ता: बालिका: (They
are girls)
ता: का:? (Who are they?)
ता: बालिका: (They are girls)
एता: का:? (Who are these?) एता: बालिका: (There are girls)
सर्वनामशब्दानां
बहुवचनरुपाणि
Plural forms of
pronouns in neuter gender
तानि –एतानि– कानि?
Singular
Plural
तत् पुष्पम् (That is a flower)
तानि पुष्पाणि(
Those are flowers)
एतत् पत्रम् ( This is a flower) एतानि पत्राणि (There are flowers)
तत् किम्? (What is
that?) तानि कानि? (What are those?)
सर्वनामशब्दानां
बहुवचनरुपाणि
Plural forms of
Pronouns masculine gender
भवान् भवन्त:
Singular
Plural
भवान् बालक: भवन्त: बालका:
(You
are a boy) --- (You are boys)
भवान् अध्यापक: --- भवन्त: अध्यापका:
(You are a teacher) --- (You are teachers)
भवान् पुरुष: ---- भवन्त: पुरुषा:
(You
are a man) --- (You are men)
भवान् देशभक्त: --- भवन्त: देशभक्ता:
(You
are a patriot) --- (You are patriots)
सर्वनामशब्दानां
बहुवचनरुपाणि
Plural forms of
pronouns feminine gender
भवती --- भवत्य:
Singular
Plural
भवती बालिका--- भवत्य: बालिका:
(You are a girl) --- (You are girls)
भवती महिला भवत्य: महिला:
(You are a woman) (You are women)
सर्वनामशब्दानां
बहुवचनरुपाणि
Plural forms of
Pronouns I person
अहम् (I) --- वयम् (we)
अहं भारतीय: वयं भारतीया:
I am an Indian - We
are Indians)
अहम् अध्यापक: वयम् अध्यापका:
I am a teacher We
are teachers)
सर्वनामशब्दानां
बहुवचनरुपाणि
Complete list of
Plural forms
ते—एते– के
ता:--एता:--का:
तानि –एतानि– कानि
भवान्—भवन्त:
भवती—भवत्य:
अहम् –वयम्
********
Lesson5/3
सन्ति are
(asti)
- (santi)
अस्ति (is) - सन्ति (are)
Singular
Plural
दीप: अस्ति ( Lamp is
)
दीपा: सन्ति ( Lamps are )
पाठशाला अस्ति ( School is there) पाठशाला: सन्ति ( Schools are there)
पुस्तकम् अस्ति (Book is there ) पुस्तकानि सन्ति (Books are there)
वृक्ष: अस्ति (Tree is
there) वृक्षा: सन्ति (Trees are there)
नदी अस्ति (River is there)
नद्य: सन्ति (Rivers
are there)
वधू: अस्ति (Bride is there
) वध्व: सन्ति (Brides are there)
SANSKRIT SLOKA-5
पक्षिणां
बलमाकाशं पातिव्रत्यं तु योषिताम्
दुर्बलानां
बलं राजा बालानां रोदनं बलम्
Sky is the strength for birds. Chastity is
the strength for women.
King is the strength for
weak (persons). Weeping is the strength for kids.
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