‘Charucharya’of Kshemendra
(A treatise on moral education)
Dr. Chilakamarthi Durgaprasada Rao
Education
is for right conduct.
In days of yore, India
Keeping in view
the comprehensive development of the students, teachers used to impart morals
not only by preaching but also through practice. They used to teach many
subjects in addition to the main branch of knowledge for the integral
development of the individual. The
word Acharya ( Teacher) means 'Acharati iti
acharyah' ( one who practises good manners), 'Acharam grahayati iti
acharyah' ( one who teaches good behavior to his students) and 'Achinoti
arthan iti acharyah' ( one who goes on collecting material pertaining
to knowledge). All these three qualities are worth possessing by an ideal
teacher.
But now time has changed. The
aim and goal of education has also changed. The dominant involvement of the
government in the field of education, unrealistic expectations of the parents,
indifferent attitude of the teachers and the easy-going nature of the students
have thrown the entire system into out of gear. As a result, both the academic
and moral standards have nose-dived. Education without morality is of no use.
Here sastras declare thus:
The Vedas do not
help the man who has no practice of righteous ways, even though they are studied
together with all the six branches (Siksha, Vyakarana, Chandas, Nirukta, Jyotisha and Kalpa). They leave him at the
supreme movement of death, as full fledged birds their nest.
आचारहीनं न पुनन्ति वॆदा: यद्यप्यधीता: सह षड्भिरंगै:
छन्दांस्येनं मृत्युकाले त्यजन्ति नीडं शकुन्ता इव जातपक्षा:
Transliteration:
AachaaraheenaM na punanti vedaah
Yadyapyadheetaah
saha Shadbhirangaih
ChandaamsyenaM
mRutyukaale tyajanti
NeedaM shakuntaa
iva jaatapakShaah
So it is the
bounden duty and sublime obligation of every one to set things right. Since
morality is the back bone of the society we should give importance to value
based education.
In Sanskrit Literature, there are a number of treatises on moral education of
which Kshemendra’s Charucharya is worth mentioning. This treatise contains
dos and don’ts by giving ample examples extracted from our ancient scriptures.
Kshmendra was not only a great poet but also a great critic and a great rhetorician.
He was the author of many works. He lived in 11th century A.D. This book contains 100 poems.
1. श्रीलाभसुभग: सत्यासक्त: स्वर्गापवर्गद:
जयतात् त्रिजगत्पूज्य: सदाचार इवाच्युत:
In this benedictory stanza the
God is identified with sadachara i.e., good behavior.
Good behavior is like Lord
Vishnu. Lord Vishnu associated with (Lakshmi). Similarly good behavior is endowed
with prosperity. Lord Vishnu is associated with satya (Satyabhama). Good
behavior is also associated in Satya (truth). Lord Vishnu gives heaven (swarga)
as well as salvation (Moksha). Simalarly good behavior also leads one to Swarga
and also Moksha. Lord Vishnu is praised by these three worlds. Good behavior is
also honored by three worlds. There fore, let Lord Vishnu like good behavior be
glorious and victorious.
श्रीलाभसुभग: = లక్ష్మిని
పొందుటవలన సౌందర్యవంతుడును (మంచినడివడి సంపదలు
చేకూరుస్తుంది) सत्यासक्त: =సత్యభామతో కూడినవాడును
(మంచినడవడి సత్యం తో కూడి ఉంటుంది ) स्वर्गापवर्गद: = స్వర్గాన్ని మోక్షాన్ని ప్రసాది౦చేవాడు
(మంచి నడవడి స్వర్గాన్ని , మోక్షాన్ని చేకూరుస్తు౦ది)
त्रिजगत्पूज्य:= ముల్లోకములచేత పూజింపబడేవాడు (అగు) ( మంఛి నడవడి
మూడులోకాల్లోను గౌరవం పొ౦దుతుంది) अच्युत: = అచ్యుతుడు (విష్ణువు )
सदाचार इव =సదాచారమువలె जयतात्= జయము పొందు గాక .
శ్రీ మహాలక్ష్మితో కూడినవాడు, సత్యభామాసహితుడు , *స్వర్గాపవర్గ
ప్రదాత , త్రిలోకపూజ్యుడు అగు అచ్యుతుడు సదాచారమువలె జయము పొందు గాక.
ఇక్కడ భగవంతునకు సదాచారములో అభేదం చెప్పబడింది .
* స్వర్గం అశాశ్వతమైనది. అపవర్గం అంటే మోక్షం , అది
శాశ్వతమైనది
*****
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